* Anonymous states … This DARPA budget document shows that DoD was experimenting with microencapsulated pathogens in 2000-2001 … Bruce Ivins could not have produced such a dry anthrax powder that was microencapsulated

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Department of Defense FY 2003 Budget Estimate

Feburary 2002

RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, TEST AND EVALUATION, DEFENSE-WIDE

Volume 1 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

(p. 123)

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 RDT&E BUDGET ITEM JUSTIFICATION SHEET

(R-2 Exhibit)

DATE: February 2002

APPROPRIATION/BUDGET ACTIVITY

RDT&E, Defense-wide … BA2 Applied Research

R-1 ITEM NOMENCLATURE: Biological Warfare Defense

PE 0602383E, R-1 #16

UNCLASSIFIED

• Evaluated the feasibility of additional strategies (e.g., exhaled breath) for direct identification or detection of infection without direct sample collection.
• Demonstrated the ability to perform accelerated patient diagnosis using a rapid single molecule DNA sequencing technique in a model system.
• Sensors. ($25.800 Million)
• Completed development and testing of first-generation prototype biochip sensor.
• Continued the development of effective and rapid chip-reading capability with enhanced sensitivity and low false alarm rate.
• Continued the development of advanced alternative technologies for live vs. dead bio-agent identification using peptides and other molecules.
• Developed hierarchical biochip sensors.
• Designed and tested techniques to replace antibody-based detection, such as short peptides, aptamers and lectins.
• Designed and tested novel reporting/transduction techniques such as ion channels.
• Designed and synthesized short peptide binding molecules for use in the detection of biological warfare agents.
• Evaluated ion channel sensor systems for use in the detection of biological warfare agents.

• Evaluated methods for removing micro-encapsulation of disguised pathogens and/or sensing through the micro-encapsulation.

• Developed technologies required for next-generation miniature biological detectors including the use of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), microfluidics, and mesoscopic -sized components.
• Evaluated false positive and false negative rates for systems of detectors using biomolecular cells or tissues.
• Exploited and/or mimicked the olfactory sensors of biological systems for use in the detection of biological warfare agents.
• Demonstrated enhanced signal output from engineered cells and tissue based sensors and integrated information from these sensors with user interfaces for predictive responses.
• Engineered a deployable prototype cell and tissue sensor for field-testing.
• Evaluated sample collection technologies for cell and tissue sensors.
• Evaluated methods of cell stabilization for possible application to cell based sensors.
• Developed biosensor models and robust characterization protocols.
• Evaluated new resonant modes for biosensors.
• Investigated standoff techniques for trigger and identification.

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 Anonymous comments …

The chemical analysis of the attack spores suggests that microencapsulation with a tin catalyzed silicone polymer was employed. Something that was not possible at Fort Detrick. Bruce Ivins could not have produced such a dry anthrax powder that was microencapsulated.

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